External environment analysis for Toyota PLC

External environment analysis for Toyota PLC Automotive industry is a large scale of business that the market has altered quickly because of technology, economics, etc. This report is concern about Toyota (GB) Plc that is a large multi-national corporation, which main strategic issues are to be a leader of automotive global market and automotive innovation with respecting environment. Firstly, this section will analyze external environment by the PESTE framework. Secondly, it concern about automotive industry which examined by the five forces framework. Thirdly, it reveals estimation of profitability and efficiency for firms. Finally, it will conclude the assessment of company and recommend the strategy plans for future practice. Company and Industry context For Toyota (GB) Plc, the main activities of the company are distribution, selling and servicing vehicles of Toyota and Lexus brands. Most companies in this geographical market are authorized dealers such as Volkswagen, Ford and BMW and some companies are retail that they sell many brands of vehicle such as Lookers Plc and Arnold Clark Automobile Co., Ltd. Furthermore, the activities provide after sell service, maintenance and selling parts to customers. The macro-environment There are many causes that affect the macro environment concern with automotive industry. Analyzing the external environment, the PESTE framework is used as tools to consider major factors, which affect the business and to create key driver of change (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). This can identify influential effects in each area, which can consider key success factors of company. 1.1 Political This factor is most related government policy such as taxation policy and trade tariff. Because manufactures import some vehicles and parts from other countries, firms need to pay for the tariff for buying. Costs of products will be increase, if government increase import tariff. This is the challenge that company faces fluctuation of cost. 1.2 Economics Economic growth affects spending of people by changing buying power, for example, the economic crisis impact decrease of salary, increase of unemployment that people are difficult to buy products because they have less income. 1.3 Social For social factor, some people select to buy products since they can reveal the social status of consumers and some people are still reputation in brands. Moreover, the trend of family structure has changed and customer needs will be different. For example, people who are in nuclear family need to buy the products that can suitable for their family function. Toyota has not only positioned itself in middle market by using the Toyota brand but also launched Lexus for luxury brand which firm has wide range of product. 1.4 Technology Technology is one of the important factors of environmental impact on organizations, technologies change quickly while companies have invested in research and development to respond needs. Innovative technology can provide more opportunities in particular energy conservation issues such as fuel consumption and alternative energy technology. 1.5 Environment The essential of environmental issues is global warming. Many companies try to produce eco-friendly product for following the issues. People concern more about reducing the environmental impacts that companies need to adapt their product to support consumers such as low emission vehicles. Industry sector By using Porters five forces framework, it can analyze the changing of factors and assess profitability of company in industry (Porter, 1998). Focusing on industry sector, it will concern about potential of firms operating similar activities or providing similar products and influence of both suppliers and buyers to quantify the potential of company. Suppliers Threat of new entry Substitutes Competitors rrar Buyers Figure 1: Porters five forces diagram 2.1 Buyer power In automotive industry, it is low switching cost which customers can select variety of products in the same range of price. Each brand provide good offering for propensity customers. Furthermore, buyers have many ways to compare products information. Thus, buyers have high bargaining power. 2.2 Supplier power This subject is not much influence for the firms because Toyota (GB) plc is subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation Japan. Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd is main supplier to produce vehicles for supporting this company. It can be consider a strong supplier. 2.3 Competitive rivalry The automobile has more diversity of competitors which have strong brands of cars in the same class. Ford and Vauxhall dominate UK car market that each of them gains approximately 13% of market share while Toyota has 4.4% in 2010 (AM, 2010). Moreover, the other brands such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Audi and Volkswagen are also significant competitors because they offer the same range of price and service maintenance cost. Therefore, companies which 2.4 Threat of substitutes The most influence substitute in this industry is Public transportations such as rail, underground subway and bus. These transportations can facilitate people who need to travel that they are not only convenience but also economical price. Thus, it can decrease demand for buying car. 2.5 Threat of new entry It is difficult for new entry to enter into business in this sector since the investment costs are high. For automotive industry, research and development technologies are crucial for gaining advantages that new entrants cannot develop easily. Moreover, firms which are already in market have large effectively distribution channels. Hence, the threat for new entry is high. Company performance Figure 2: Toyota (GB) Plc (Return on capital employed: ROCE) From figure 2, it show that ROCE ratio had a sharp decrease from 2008 to 2009 because of economic crisis, however, in 2010, it continue increase slightly. It seem to be that company can get more return Conclusion For the external environment, this report shows that company should plan to cope with economic change which can affect buying power. However, using technology in the market, Toyota has own advance technology such as technology of hybrid car that can gain more opportunities because people are more conscious about environmental issues. Concern with industry sector the bargaining power of buyer is high and there are more competitors producing similar products that people have more choice to select products. Firm should provide variety of products especiallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Psycho Motifs :: essays research papers

PSYCHO MOTIFS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever seen Psycho? I have, and in my opinion this movie is one of the best horror flicks ever. Part of the reason I think this because of the motifs Hitchcock added to the movie. Some of these motifs are the motion down, eyes, and circles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a motif? Better yet, what is the motif I’m about to tell you about? Well, let me start by giving you a definition of the word.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Motif : A recurrent thematic element used in the development of an artistic or literary work. (In this case, a movie.) One motif in this movie could be circles. For example, the eyes of all the characters, and the Norman’s birds. How about the police man’s sun glasses, they were also circular. Here’s a creepy one, the peep hole that Norman spies on Marion with. Another example could be the drains, which in two cases both had blood being washed down. Eerily, there is the empty eye sockets of Norman’s dead mother. There is even the letter O in Norman’s name. To sum this set of motifs up, circles are shown throughout this film, and to find these really shows the extent Hitchcock would travel to set his movies above the rest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the movie PSYCHO, I noticed several points where it seemed that an object or person was going downward. For instance, the rain descending for quite a long period of time in the beginning when Marion left town with the stolen money. Then there’s the water flowing down the sink drain and the bathtub drain. Also, the way everyone seems to be looking down on Marion. Then there’s Norman, and how the you see him always coming down his steps, but rarely up them. For my last spotted example, the bodies and their cars sinking into the swamp is one creepy instance of the downward motif. I don’t know the point of these motifs, this one included, except for the extra spice it just gives to the watchers who plan on picking through the movie to find these â€Å"Hitchcock bonuses†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you ever feel like you’re being watched? Well, in Psycho another motif is eyes. One example I used earlier is the police man’s sun glasses. You can’t see his eyes, but you know he’s watching or more likely inspecting Marion for any trace of trouble. Later in the film, Marion pulls into to a car dealership to trade in her car.

Banjamin Banneker Analysis

Benjamin Banneker Analysis At the turn of the 18th century, forces secreted by British colonization imposed an evident state of corruption in the United States, leaving an indelible scar upon our nation. Thomas Jefferson, who proclaimed his advocacy toward equality, seemed to stray from the intent of abolishing inequality between man. Benjamin Banneker, who validates his intellect through his evident knowledge of Jefferson’s motives, dedicates a letter in regards to questioning Thomas Jefferson’s role as Secretary of State, in a dire attempt to uphold justice in the name of his father, who suffered a life as a slave.As the letter unfolds, the author implements a critical use of rhetorical strategies that inflict a sensation of guilt upon Jefferson, portraying him as an immoral man, due to his lack of attention to civil rights. As Banneker’s letter unfolds, his selection of detail allows him to remind Jefferson of his prior imprisonment by cleverly referring to th e British Colonization of America, as â€Å"tyranny of the British Crown† (Line 2), emphasizing their imperialistic ideals.In paragraph 2, the author’s intellect of Jefferson’s proclaimed motives is evidently demonstrated as he cites his infamous passage from the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † (Lines 21-25) By deliberately addressing Jefferson’s own beliefs, Banneker is able to successfully inflict guilt upon Jefferson, forcing him to realize his personal immorality.As evidenced by the essay, Banneker repeatedly utilizes the term â€Å"sir† in each paragraph when addressing Jefferson. Banneker’s intention revolves around establishing a distinct sensation of ethical appeal, and accurately demonstrates Banneker’s res pect for Jefferson, despite his inner resentment. By referring to Thomas Jefferson as â€Å"sir†, Banneker decreases the harshness of his delivery, thus preventing Jefferson from deeming his proposal as immature, and actually acknowledging his claim.His strategy not only portrays him as a respectful man, but allows for smooth communication. Emotional appeal, a primary strategy instilled throughout Banneker’s notation, is first utilized in paragraph 1, in an attempt to exert guilt and eerie memories from Jefferson’s past. The author finalizes paragraph 1 by implying Thomas Jefferson’s ungratefulness to his liberation from England by stating that Thomas Jefferson is lucky to have been set free, as opposed to the circumstance several Americans are dealt.In paragraph 3, the use of Pathos is depicted when he accuses Jefferson of being merciless toward slaves, despite his downfall in his previous years. He not only blames Jefferson for the detainment of these v ulnerable and innocent slaves, but also points out his ideals and deems him as â€Å"pitiable†. (Line 30) In a fierce attempt to validate his claim concerning Jefferson’s act of fraud, Banneker uses a unique form of paradox, represented in the third paragraph of his letter.Although Thomas Jefferson was generally portrayed as a sane man, the author utilizes loaded words in order to properly depict Jefferson’s form of hypocrisy. Likewise, he initiates his argument by reciting the basic morals that Jefferson lives to defend, such as equality and advocacy against impartial distribution of rights. Moreover, the recognition is reverted, placing the blame on the issue of slavery toward the Secretary of State. The author demonstrates a steadfast tenacity toward proving Jefferson immoral, and accuses him of being a criminal. †¦that you should at the same time counteract his mercies in detaining by fraud and violence†¦my brethren under groaning captivity†¦y ou should at the same time be found guilty of that most criminal act†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lines 36-39) Jefferson’s reaction is expected to be in awe and particularly remorseful, as Banneker successfully proves Jefferson of being unlawful. Benjamin Banneker, a prodigy in astronomy, mathematics, surveys, and above all – rhetoric, instills his resentment toward Thomas Jefferson’s ignorance to the enslaved African American population.Maintaining the sole purpose of bringing justice to his father and prisoner’s pasts, Banneker utilizes strategic rhetorical strategies that are ultimately notes in order to spark action in the nation’s dwindling society. His letter is utilized not only to represent Banneker’s true opinion of Jefferson, but deliberately writes a respectful letter to Jefferson in the hopes of allowing Jefferson to acknowledge his faults. The author successfully delivers his proposal, instilling hope in our nation that change is, in fact, a possibility.

Definition and Examples of Derivational Morphemes

When youre talking about biology, morphology is defined as the branch of study that deals with the form and structure of organisms and their unique structural features. Linguists often think of language as a living thing because, like a biological life form, it is reshaped by external forces acting on its structure and also changes over time. Linguistic morphology, then, is the study of how words are formed and how they relate to other words in a common language. Much the same way a biologist might study the phenomenon of metamorphosis, a linguist might study a word and its component parts to learn how its structure and meaning have evolved. In grammar, a derivational morpheme is an  affix—a group of letters added before the beginning (prefix) or after the end (suffix)—of a root or base word to create a new word or a new form of an existing word. Adding Derivational Morphemes Adding a derivational morpheme often changes the grammatical category or part of speech of the root word to which it is added. For example, adding ful to the noun beauty changes the word into an adjective (beautiful), while  replacing the e with er at the end of the verb merge changes it into a noun (merger). The form of a word that results from adding a derivational morpheme is known as a derived word or a derivative. You can add derivational morphemes to free morphemes, which are those words that cant be divided into smaller component parts and retain meaning. Most one-syllable words in the English language are free morphemes. For instance, in the sentence: I hit the man on his head, each of the words is a free morpheme that cant be broken down into smaller parts. To give the sentence a more precise meaning, I could toss in a derivational morpheme. By adding the prefix fore to the word head the reader now knows which part of the head the man was hit on. Not only does it give the precise location of the injury, it indicates a greater potential for harm since the forehead is a very sensitive part of the human anatomy. You can also add more than one derivational morpheme to a root word to create several different meanings. For example, the verb transform consists of the root word form and a derivational morpheme, the prefix trans. By adding the derivational morpheme ation as a suffix, transform becomes the noun transformation. But you dont have to stop there. By adding another derivational morpheme suffix al after ation, you can create the adjective transformational. Inflectional Morphemes vs. Derivational Morphemes Inflectional morphemes  define certain aspects pertaining to the grammatical function of a word. There are only eight inflectional morphemes in the English language—and they’re all suffixes. The two inflectional morphemes that can be added to nouns are -’s (apostrophe s) to indicate the possessive case and -es to indicate the plural case. The four inflections that can be added to verbs are -(e)d to indicate past tense, -ing to indicate the present participle, -en, to represent the past participle, and –s, for the third person singular. The two inflections can be added to adjectives are: -er, for the comparative and -est, for the superlative. Unlike inflectional affixes, the potential number of derivational affixes in the English language is limited only by the scope of the vocabulary of a given speaker or writer. As a result, it would impossible to create a comprehensive list of derivational morphemes but we can look at a few representative examples. In American English when suffixes such as -ize or -ful are added to a noun, the noun becomes the corresponding verb, as in cannibalize, vaporize, mesmerize, helpful, playful, thoughtful, and so on. When the suffix -ize is added to an adjective, the words are transformed into verbs: realize, finalize, vitalize, etc. Some Morphemes are Both Inflectional and Derivational Meanwhile, some inflectional morphemes, specifically -ed, -en, -er, -ing, and -ly, can take on on characteristics of derivational morphemes. For example, the suffix -er can function as both an inflectional and a derivational morpheme. In its inflectional capacity, -er is added to adjectives to indicate the comparative as in thicker, describing something that has additional mass. As a derivational morpheme, -er gets a lot of use in the production of forming new nouns. Such morphemes when attached to root verbs form nouns such as farmer to describe someone who performs the action indicated by the verb. When -er is added to a root adjective, a noun is formed: as in homesteader, which describes someone in terms of the quality denoted by the adjective. When -er is added to a nominal root noun, the meaning of the resulting noun is incorporated in the modified word. Take the word freighter for example. The root word freight has been modified, however, the definition of the new noun freighter—a type of vessel used to transport freight—retains the quality denoted by the original noun. Sources Hamawand, Zeki. Morphology in English: Word Formation in Cognitive Grammar. Continuum, 2011Remson, Lynne Hebert. Oral Language from Literacy for the New Millennium, ed. by Barbara J. Guzzetti. Praeger, 2007Parker, Frank and Riley, Kathryn. Linguistics for Non-Linguists, 2nd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 1994

The Importance of Imitation in Early Child Development Essay

The term imitation in psychological terms refers to the copying or mimicking of patterns of behaviour. This essay will evaluate the importance of imitation in infancy using the theory of Piaget contrasted with the findings of other studies that differ radically in their conclusions. The essay will show that the importance of imitation as a forerunner to symbolic representation and ultimately abstract thought can be counterbalanced by arguments concerning language acquisition which does not solely depend on imitation for its development and is arguably one of the most important of human tools to develop. The amount of study this developmental feature has attracted is indicative of its importance in respect of cognitive development. As a†¦show more content†¦Piaget (1951) argued that the ability to think and reason is a lengthy developmental process that begins in infancy and is not fully completed until late childhood. To investigate the development of memory, a necessary component of representation and abstract thought, Piaget conducted a longitudinal study of his own children during their first year of life. Piaget reasoned that the start of memory development was evident when an infant was able to imitate an event and later repeat the event for itself. For Piaget a time interval between successful episodes of mutual imitation was necessary to confirm memory retention and actual reproduction of the behaviour. In his study Piaget failed to observe evidence of imitation in the first month of life which concurs with his theory that infants at this age are capable only of reflex actions over which they have no control. In the second to fourth months Piaget observed some evidence of imitation such as the opening and closing of the hand but noted that infants in this age band were unable to imitate new actions not already within their behaviour range. From four to eight months of age infants were able to imitate actions such as the hitting or banging of an object. Between the ages of eight and twelve months Piaget observed that infants were able to directly imitate facial expressionsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Deferred Imitation During The Sensorimotor Period1037 Words   |  5 PagesImitation and observational learning are important in aiding the attainment and portrayal of new behaviours, beginning as early as infancy (Meltzoff, 1993, p. 467). Deferred imitation and mental representation s were concepts by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget in his theory of infant cognitive development. Deferred imitation refers to a child’s ability to imitate the actions that they have seen others perform, following a delay, (Slater, Lewis, Anzures Lee, 2011). Piaget proposed that theRead MoreThe Centrality Of Play For A Child s Social Development1234 Words   |  5 Pagescentrality of Play for a child’s social development Play is so important in a child’s development that the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights has recognized it as a right of every child (Parents Magazine, 2015). Play is also important in social development as highlighted in my poster for parents, this rationale of my poster will discuss the key theories, processes and messages that are presented when looking at how play affects social development. Many theorists including Vygotsky, PiagetRead MoreSociocultural Theorists And Developmental Psychologists Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologists argue that the children’s cognitive development takes place through the social interaction with other people. 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It also examines the implications of play on children and early childhood services. We also discuss the origin and role of child-initiated play in a child?s early years. Play is defined as universal language and aRead MoreFirst Relationships Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the development of the infant in their future as adults. In the weeks after they are born babies have limited abilities to interact with adults who look after them but as they get older they become more and more equal partners in creating and upholding their relationships. There are many different aids that contribute towards the development and enhance relationships. Three main features of early development are meshing, scaffolding and imitation. Each contributes

James Holmes s View On Mental Illness - 1066 Words

On July 20, 2012 James Holmes enter a theater in Aurora Colorado and shot and killed 12 people. Attorneys tested Holmes and called for a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist stated that Holmes was so crazy that he could not distinguish what’s right and what’s wrong during the period he committed the crime. Dr Jonathan Woodcock interviewed Holmes during the time he was in jail on July 24 just four days after the shooting occurred for two hours duration. Holmes’s testimony drew questions from prosecutors that doubted his analyzation of Holmes being severe delusional during the mass shooting. Doctor claimed that they found Holmes suffering from severe mental illness and because of that it made him act violently. Holmes thought that if he snitch and went on and told the public of attempting to kill strangers he would be obligated to pay for the consequences. Doctors testified that one of Holmes delusion was to go out and do what he had to do. Woodcock was a witness by the defense to purpose the idea that Holmes was indeed crazy the moment he was shot people dead. Before the shooting occurred Holmes had already symptoms of mental illness disorder which made him anxious and stress and committed the crime. In differ to Woodcock ‘s finding the court had appointed psychiatrist who had examined Holmes prior to the shootings and after the shootings. They found out the Holmes was mentally ill but had capability of what’s rights and what s wrong. Even if Holmes had capability of hisShow MoreRelatedJames Holmes s View On Mental Illness1390 Words   |  6 Pages On July 20, 2012 James Holmes enter a theater in Aurora Colorado and shot and killed 12 people. Attorneys tested Holmes and called for a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist stated that Holmes was so crazy that he could not distinguish what’s right and what’s wrong during the period he committed the crime. 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The Power of Photographs free essay sample

Photographs have always been my family’s favorite way to reminisce about fond memories. The collection of them shows how much we have grown, shows how we have overcome many obstacles of life, and most importantly shows how much we care about one another. Even though there may be a numerous amount of them, photographs are truly irreplaceable objects that can help us travel back to another time and place emotionally. One of my favorite pictures is from when my siblings and I were younger, getting ready for church on Easter Sunday. My sister and I had large grins on our faces, as we were excited to have our picture taken. However, my brother showed an angry expression on his face, as if taking a family picture would be the end of him. It’s shocking to see how much my siblings and I have changed over the past few years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Photographs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have all clearly grown in height and weight, and we have all developed our own individual styles instead of looking like our parents clearly picked out our outfits for the day. We all seem to have matured, as we no longer fight about meaningless factors of life anymore. Still, photos show parts of family dynamics that are universal, since my siblings and I look like we’re arguing. However, we still all look like we are happy to be with each other even though we weren’t getting along at the time. Another one of my favorite pictures is a picture from my great grandmother’s funeral. The picture had been taken right after calling hours, after we had all finally stopped crying. Even though the picture was taken at a time that was depressing for all of us, we all were together, and that’s what we all considered to be most important at the time. We all realized that even though it was sad that my great grandmother was no longer with us, we could still celebrate her life and the time we spent with her, as well as celebrating each other and cherishing the family members that were still alive and well. I remember a photo from when my cousin and I were toddlers. We were seated on my now dead great grandmother’s lap in the living room of my grandparent’s house. In the picture I was hugging him around the neck because I wanted him to come closer to me so I embrace him. However, in the end result of the photograph it looked more like I was trying to choke my cousin instead of give a loving hug. Despite the fact that I thought I was being a good cousin by physically showing my love to my cousin, sometimes other methods are more effective. Even though we may have uncomfortable moments with each other from time to time, we still care about each other very much and want other people to know that we care about each other and know that we are lucky to have a caring and supportive family dynamic. Photographs are my family’s way of emotionally traveling back in time because photographs often show how much we have grown, show how we have overcome many obstacles of life, and most importantly show how much we care about one another. Even though not all memories linked to photographs are good ones, we wouldn’t trade the memories we have together for anything. Every photograph and memory are important to each individual’s life, helping to show our uniqueness and life values. Most importantly, photographs can help us realize what we used to be, what we are, and what we can become as individuals.